Abstract
Coronaviruses have been identified as pathogens of gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in humans and various animal species. In recent years, the global spread of new coronaviruses has had profound influences for global public health and economies worldwide. As highly pathogenic zoonotic viruses, coronaviruses have become the focus of current research. Porcine Deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), an enterovirus belonging to the family of coronaviruses, has emerged on a global scale in the past decade and significantly influenced the swine industry. Moreover, PDCoV infects not only pigs but also other species, including humans, chickens and cattles, exhibiting a broad host tropism. This emphasizes the need for in-depth studies on coronaviruses to mitigate their potential threats. In this review, we provided a comprehensive summary of the current studies on PDCoV. We first reviewed the epidemiological investigations on the global prevalence and distribution of PDCoV. Then, we delved into the studies on the pathogenesis of PDCoV to understand the mechanisms how the virus impacts its hosts. Furthermore, we also presented some exploration studies on the immune evasion mechanisms of the virus to enhance the understanding of host-virus interactions. Despite current limitations in vaccine development for PDCoV, we highlighted the inhibitory effects observed with certain substances, which offers a potential direction for future research endeavors. In conclusion, this review summarized the scientific findings in epidemiology, pathogenesis, immune evasion mechanisms and vaccine development of PDCoV. The ongoing exploration of potential vaccine candidates and the insights gained from inhibitory substances have provided a solid foundation for future vaccine development to prevent and control diseases associated with PDCoV.
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Funding
This work was supported by the Key Project of Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LZ22C010003), the Scientific and Technological Innovation Leading Talents Project of Zhejiang Provincial “High-level Talents Special Support Plan” (2021R52043), the Project of Deqing Ecological Forestry Service Center (ZJXRDQ-2023-DT02), Zhejiang Science and Technology Major Program on Agricultural New Variety Breeding (2021C02068-4), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32202656), Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LQ23C170003 and LQ23C180003) and Zhejiang A&F University Talent Initiative Project (Nos: 2019FR022, 2021FR004, and 2022LFR037).
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XTS, DN, HHS and YX set up the topic; XTS, RL, XM and DN performed writing and editing; GQQ, YX, XJZ, DW, LW, JHZ, TW and WFL conducted modification and gave suggestions; DN, HHS and YX performed manuscript revision. All authors have read and agreed to the submitted version of the manuscript.
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Shan, X., Li, R., Ma, X. et al. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, immune evasion mechanism and vaccine development of porcine Deltacoronavirus. Funct Integr Genomics 24, 79 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10142-024-01346-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10142-024-01346-7