Log in

HIV encephalopathy is contributed by macrophages and microglia

  • Letter to the Editor
  • Published:
Science China Life Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  • Atri, C., Guerfali, F., and Laouini, D. (2018). Role of human macrophage polarization in inflammation during infectious diseases. Int J Mol Sci 19, 1801.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Calmy, A., Ford, N., and Meintjes, G. (2018). The persistent challenge of advanced HIV disease and AIDS in the era of antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 66, S103–SS105.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gougeon, M. (2017). Alarmins and central nervous system inflammation in HIV-associated neurological disorders. J Intern Med 281, 433–447.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Okabe, Y., and Medzhitov, R. (2014). Tissue-specific signals control reversible program of localization and functional polarization of macrophages. Cell 157, 832–844.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Seligmann, M., Pinching, A.J., Rosen, F.S., Fahey, J.L., Khaitov, R.M., Klatzmann, D., Koenig, S., Luo, N., Ngu, J., and Riethmüller, G. (1987). Immunology of human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med 107, 234–242.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saylor, D., Dickens, A.M., Sacktor, N., Haughey, N., Slusher, B., Pletnikov, M., Mankowski, J.L., Brown, A., Volsky, D.J., and McArthur, J.C. (2016). HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder—pathogenesis and prospects for treatment. Nat Rev Neurol 12, 234–248.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sreeram, S., Ye, F., Garcia-Mesa, Y., Nguyen, K., El Sayed, A., Leskov, K., and Karn, J. (2022). The potential role of HIV-1 latency in promoting neuroinflammation and HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorder. Trends Immunol 43, 630–639.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Spindler, K.R., and Hsu, T.H. (2012). Viral disruption of the blood-brain barrier. Trends Microbiol 20, 282–290.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Stettner, M.R., Nance, J.A., Wright, C.A., Kinoshita, Y., Kim, W.K., Morgello, S., Rappaport, J., Khalili, K., Gordon, J., and Johnson, E.M. (2009). SMAD proteins of oligodendroglial cells regulate transcription of JC virus early and late genes coordinately with the Tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Gen Virol 90, 2005–2014.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Veenhuis, R.T., Abreu, C.M., Shirk, E.N., Gama, L., and Clements, J.E. (2021). HIV replication and latency in monocytes and macrophages. Semin Immunol 51, 101472.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

This work was supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFA080703), the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (2021-I2M-002, 2021-I2M-020) and Science Innovation 2030-Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology Major Project #2021ZD0201100 Task 1#2021ZD0201101.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wei-Min Tong.

Ethics declarations

The authors declare no competing interests. Figures were created with BioRender software (https://biorender.com/ accessed on 24 August 2022). The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Bei**g Ditan Hospital of Capital Medical University (NO. DTEC-KT2022-004-01).

Electronic supplementary material

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Liu, SM., Li, M., Ma, C. et al. HIV encephalopathy is contributed by macrophages and microglia. Sci. China Life Sci. 67, 836–838 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-023-2447-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-023-2447-y

Navigation