3D Visual Diagnosis and Management of Bile Duct Injuries

Abstract

Bile duct injuries refer to any damages to the original structure of the biliary system and abdominal changes in the flow of bile caused by traumatic or iatrogenic factors. Iatrogenic bile duct injuries are attributed to iatrogenic factors such as surgery or invasive diagnosis and treatment. Traumatic biliary strictures refer to the stricture or occlusion of bile ducts due to the injury of the biliary system, which is mainly divided into primary biliary stricture and secondary biliary stricture. The critical cause of benign stricture of the bile duct is inflammatory reaction and excessive collagen synthesis caused by bile leakage into the wall of the bile duct after bile duct injury. Typical clinical manifestations are obstructive jaundice, bile leakage, or biliary peritonitis. The management of bile duct injuries remains one of the most complex problems in abdominal surgery. At present, the diagnosis of bile duct injuries is assisted by cholangiography, ultrasound, and CT. Surgical repair and biliary drainage are the main methods for the treatment of bile duct injuries, but partial hepatectomy or liver transplantation is perhaps the most appropriate treatment for patients with partial or complete liver atrophy.