-
Protocol
An In Vitro System to Model the Establishment and Reactivation of HIV-1 Latency in Primary Human CD4+ T Cells
HIV-1 establishes latency primarily by infecting activated CD4+ T cells that later return to quiescence as memory cells. Latency allows HIV-1 to evade immune responses and to persist during antiretroviral ther...
-
Protocol
Raman Cryomicroscopic Imaging and Sample Holder for Spectroscopic Subzero Temperature Measurements
Raman spectroscopy has been gaining in popularity for noninvasive analysis of single cells. Raman spectra and images deliver meaningful information regarding the biochemical, biophysical, and structural proper...
-
Protocol
Methods for Estimation of Nitrogen Components in Plants and Microorganisms
Nitrogen (N2) is the most necessary element in the atmosphere, it is an energetic micronutrient for plant growth and development after water, besides its key role in chlorophyll production, which is crucial for p...
-
Protocol
Data Mining and Machine Learning Methods for Dementia Research
Patient data in clinical research often includes large amounts of structured information, such as neuroimaging data, neuropsychological test results, and demographic variables. Given the various sources of inf...
-
Protocol
Family-Based Linkage Disequilibrium Tests Using General Pedigrees
Linkage disequilibrium (LD) map** has been established as a promising approach to identifying disease genes. The presence of a disease gene located near a marker locus may cause LD between the marker and the...
-
Protocol
Functional Analysis of the β2 Integrins
The interaction of integrins with their ligands is an essential step in regulating many cellular functions (1). The β2 integrins, which are exclusively expressed on leukocytes, are of critical importance for leuk...
